Resource library

This K4DD Rapid Evidence Review covers four facets of Lebanon’s water resources. The first is an overview of water sustainability issues in Lebanon, ranging from policies to politics affecting the use, treatment and distribution of water. The second section considers the question of equality of access to water, focusing particularly on affordability, refugees, and water rights.

• Lebanon
• Water Resources Management
• Knowledge for Development and Diplomacy Programme (K4DD)
• 2024

This report which was prepared by Sam Barret offers insights into enhancing the integration of climate resilience into FCDO's social protection portfolio. It reviews case studies on climate-adaptive social protection in various countries, examining programmes that support cash transfers, climate-smart public works, and scalable safety nets. Recommendations focus on aligning social protection efforts with climate adaptation objectives, using tools like the International Climate Finance criteria, and implementing shock-responsive systems to improve resilience for vulnerable communities.

• Ethiopia
• Kenya
• Bangladesh
• Tanzania
• Rwanda
• Climate Resilience and Adaptation
• Social Protection
• Humanitarian
• Governance
• Infrastructure (Including Energy and Transport)
• Water Resources Management
• 2023

This report aims to support policy makers and practitioners in understanding how addressing GBV supports the effectiveness of climate change programmes and policies. It shares examples of emerging good practice and provides recommendations for all stakeholders to address GBV more comprehensively.

• Climate Resilience and Adaptation
• 2024

This policy brief was produced by the Ending Violence against Women and Children (VAWC) Helpdesk, as part of the UKʼs What Works to Prevent Violence against Women and Girls: Impact at Scale programme (ʻWhat Works IIʼ). The funds were managed by the International Rescue Committee. The policy brief was written by Francesca Rhodes of Care International UK, Naomi Clugston of Social Development Direct and Erika Fraser of Social Development Direct. It builds on an accompanying report that details contributions by practitioners and experts working at the intersection between climate change and GBV.

• Climate Resilience and Adaptation
• 2024

This recent study from SPARC offers insights from a real-time study of people’s lives in Somalia during 2020–2022, looking at how crisis-affected people take their own anticipatory action.

• Somalia
• Humanitarian
• SPARC (Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted Crises)
• 2023

This brief highlights Somalia's vulnerability to climate hazards, exacerbated by climate change, and the critical need for increased climate finance. As of May 2023, the ongoing drought since 2021 has severely impacted over 6.6 million people, leading to significant humanitarian appeals—rising from USD 1.09 billion in 2021 to USD 2.27 billion in 2022. Despite these challenges, Somalia receives minimal climate finance.

• Somalia
• Humanitarian
• Climate Finance
• SPARC (Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted Crises)
• 2023

This report, authored by Mairi Dupar, Elvina Henriette and Eric Hubbard, explores the existing and potential role of NBS-GI in disaster risk management and climate change mitigation and adaptation, as well as wider development objectives. The research focuses on the application, financing and efficiency of NBS-GI in African contexts, as well as on the motivations for selecting NBS-GI investments in Africa.

• Tanzania
• Sudan
• Kenya
• Rwanda
• Mali
• Senegal
• Ethiopia
• Congo (Democratic Republic)
• Zambia
• Uganda
• Biodiversity / Ecosystem Conservation and Management (Terrestrial and Marine)
• 2023

This brief highlights how climate change disproportionately affects women and girls due to existing gender inequalities. Social protection systems can enhance their resilience and promote gender equality. Key recommendations include collecting gender-disaggregated data, conducting gender-specific climate risk analyses, and fostering women’s leadership in climate resilience planning. Collaboration with civil society and local actors is essential to integrating gender-responsive approaches into social protection policies and strengthening women’s capacity to cope with climate challenges.

• Gender Equity
• Social Protection
• Humanitarian
• Social Protection Technical Assistance, Advice, and Resources Facility (STAAR)
• 2024

This review of the Jordan Humanitarian, Inclusion and Protection (HIP) portfolio found that International Climate Finance (ICF) allocations for humanitarian programmes is currently unclear on issues relating to refugee populations and displaced peoples. Climate impacts in Jordan are disproportionately felt by vulnerable groups, particularly refugees and displaced peoples. Work delivered identified opportunities to mainstream climate considerations into the programme, and highlighted evidence-based opportunities for ICF spend and results.  

• Jordan
• Humanitarian
• 2024

This SPARC-funded report, launched at COP28 in December, argues for a new way of thinking about and delivering the climate agenda in fragile and conflict-affected situations.

• Climate Resilience and Adaptation
• Conflict
• Climate resilience
• SPARC (Supporting Pastoralism and Agriculture in Recurrent and Protracted Crises)
• 2023